第 1 章 緒論 ··································································································································.1
1.1 光電成像的內(nèi)涵 ···············································································································.1
1.2 光電成像技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史 ·······························································································.2
1.3 光電成像技術(shù)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ·······························································································.3
1.4 光電成像與探測(cè)典型應(yīng)用 ·······························································································.6
1.4.1 彈道導(dǎo)彈預(yù)警系統(tǒng) ·······························································································.6
1.4.2 機(jī)載紅外搜索跟蹤系統(tǒng) ·······················································································.8
習(xí)題 ··········································································································································.9
第 2 章 光學(xué)成像基礎(chǔ) ················································································································.10
2.1 光學(xué)成像信號(hào)分析基礎(chǔ) ··································································································.10
2.1.1 二維線(xiàn)性系統(tǒng) ·····································································································.10
2.1.2 二維傅里葉變換 ·································································································.11
2.1.3 二維線(xiàn)性空間不變系統(tǒng) ·····················································································.16
2.1.4 二維抽樣理論 ·····································································································.17
2.2 透鏡的傅里葉變換性質(zhì) ·································································································.20
2.2.1 薄透鏡的位相調(diào)制作用 ·····················································································.20
2.2.2 透鏡的傅里葉變換性質(zhì) ·····················································································.23
2.2.3 透鏡孔徑的影響 ·································································································.26
2.3 光學(xué)成像系統(tǒng)的一般分析 ·····························································································.27
2.3.1 光學(xué)成像系統(tǒng)的普遍模型 ··················································································.27
2.3.2 衍射受限系統(tǒng)的點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展函數(shù) ··············································································.28
2.3.3 像質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià) ·············································································································.30
習(xí)題 ········································································································································.31
參考文獻(xiàn) ································································································································.31
第 3 章 紅外物理基礎(chǔ) ················································································································.32
3.1 電磁波譜 ························································································································.32
3.2 紅外輻射的基本概念 ·····································································································.33
3.2.1 紅外輻射及譜段劃分 ·························································································.33
3.2.2 輻射源及其輻射量描述 ·····················································································.34
3.3 相關(guān)物理量及熱輻射基本定律 ·····················································································.36
3.3.1 輻射照度 ·············································································································.36
3.3.2 黑體及其輻射 ·····································································································.38
3.3.3 基爾霍夫定律 ·····································································································.39
3.3.4 普朗克定律 ·········································································································.40
3.3.5 玻爾茲曼定律 ·····································································································.41
習(xí)題 ········································································································································.41
第 4 章 目標(biāo)與環(huán)境特性 ·············································································································.42
4.1 概述 ································································································································.42
4.2 彈道導(dǎo)彈的目標(biāo)特性 ·····································································································.42
4.2.1 彈道導(dǎo)彈主動(dòng)段運(yùn)動(dòng)特性 ··················································································.43
4.2.2 彈道導(dǎo)彈主動(dòng)段尾焰輻射特性 ··········································································.48
4.2.3 彈道導(dǎo)彈中段運(yùn)動(dòng)特性 ·····················································································.53
4.2.4 彈道導(dǎo)彈中段紅外輻射特性 ··············································································.56
4.3 臨近空間飛行器的目標(biāo)特性 ·························································································.59
4.3.1 目標(biāo)幾何與運(yùn)動(dòng)特性 ·························································································.59
4.3.2 目標(biāo)紅外輻射特性 ·····························································································.60
4.4 空中飛機(jī)的目標(biāo)特性 ·····································································································.62
4.4.1 目標(biāo)幾何特性 ·····································································································.62
4.4.2 紅外輻射特性 ·····································································································.63
4.5 背景環(huán)境的輻射特性 ·····································································································.65
4.5.1 太陽(yáng)輻射特性 ·····································································································.65
4.5.2 地物輻射特性 ·····································································································.66
4.5.3 天空背景與云層輻射特性 ··················································································.67
4.5.4 深空背景和天體輻射特性 ··················································································.69
4.6 地球大氣的傳輸特性 ·····································································································.70
4.6.1 大氣的分層 ·········································································································.70
4.6.2 大氣的成分 ·········································································································.71
4.6.3 大氣傳輸效應(yīng) ·····································································································.72
4.6.4 大氣吸收 ·············································································································.72
4.6.5 大氣散射 ·············································································································.73
4.6.6 大氣傳輸特性計(jì)算 ·····························································································.74
4.7 導(dǎo)彈預(yù)警探測(cè)波段選擇 ·································································································.76
4.7.1 主動(dòng)段紅外探測(cè)波段選擇 ··················································································.76
4.7.2 中段紅外探測(cè)波段選擇 ·····················································································.77
習(xí)題 ········································································································································.78
參考文獻(xiàn) ································································································································.78
第 5 章 光電成像系統(tǒng) ················································································································.79
5.1 概述 ································································································································.79
5.2 紅外光電成像系統(tǒng) ·········································································································.79
5.2.1 紅外光電成像系統(tǒng)的組成 ··················································································.79
5.2.2 紅外光電成像的基本過(guò)程 ··················································································.80
5.2.3 光學(xué)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) ·····································································································.82
5.2.4 掃描系統(tǒng) ·············································································································.92
5.2.5 空間紅外雜散輻射抑制 ·····················································································.96
5.2.6 紅外探測(cè)器 ·········································································································.97
5.2.7 紅外光電成像系統(tǒng)的制冷 ················································································.105
5.3 光電成像系統(tǒng)的基本性能 ···························································································.108
5.3.1 空間分辨率 ·······································································································.108
5.3.2 覆蓋視場(chǎng) ···········································································································.108
5.3.3 系統(tǒng)靈敏度 ·······································································································.109
5.3.4 探測(cè)距離 ···········································································································.110
習(xí)題 ······································································································································.111
第 6 章 輻射測(cè)量與幾何測(cè)量 ···································································································.112
6.1 輻射測(cè)量與幾何測(cè)量的概念 ·······················································································.112
6.1.1 輻射測(cè)量概念 ···································································································.112
6.1.2 幾何測(cè)量概念 ···································································································.113
6.2 輻射測(cè)量原理與方法 ···································································································.114
6.2.1 光電成像輻射響應(yīng)模型 ···················································································.114
6.2.2 輻射參數(shù)定標(biāo)方法 ···························································································.116
6.2.3 輻射定標(biāo)源 ·······································································································.117
6.2.4 探測(cè)器非均勻校正 ···························································································.119
6.2.5 盲元的判斷與處理 ···························································································.125
6.3 相機(jī)幾何標(biāo)定 ··············································································································.130
6.3.1 相機(jī)成像模型 ···································································································.131
6.3.2 張正友相機(jī)標(biāo)定法 ···························································································.141
6.4 天基成像條件下的視線(xiàn)確定 ·······················································································.148
6.4.1 天基光學(xué)傳感器成像幾何模型與誤差來(lái)源 ····················································.148
6.4.2 視線(xiàn)誤差參數(shù)估計(jì)原理與方法 ········································································.158
習(xí)題 ······································································································································.160
參考文獻(xiàn) ······························································································································.160
第 7 章 目標(biāo)檢測(cè)技術(shù) ··············································································································.161
7.1 光電成像與探測(cè)信號(hào)特性 ···························································································.161
7.1.1 目標(biāo)信號(hào)特性 ···································································································.161
7.1.2 背景信號(hào)分析 ···································································································.164
7.1.3 圖像信噪比 ·······································································································.165
7.2 點(diǎn)目標(biāo)檢測(cè)基本過(guò)程 ···································································································.167
7.2.1 先檢測(cè)后跟蹤技術(shù) ···························································································.167
7.2.2 先跟蹤后檢測(cè)技術(shù) ···························································································.168
7.3 紅外圖像背景抑制技術(shù) ·······························································································.170
7.3.1 空域背景抑制方法 ···························································································.170
7.3.2 時(shí)域背景抑制原理 ···························································································.174
7.4 門(mén)限分割與性能統(tǒng)計(jì) ···································································································.176
7.4.1 恒虛警檢測(cè) ·······································································································.176
7.4.2 基于恒虛警的門(mén)限分割 ···················································································.176
7.4.3 檢測(cè)性能統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 ···························································································.179
習(xí)題 ······································································································································.181
第 8 章 目標(biāo)定位與跟蹤技術(shù) ···································································································.182
8.1 目標(biāo)定位原理與方法 ···································································································.182
8.1.1 傳感器觀測(cè)模型 ·······························································································.183
8.1.2 目標(biāo)定位基本原理 ···························································································.185
8.1.3 定位誤差的描述與分析 ···················································································.191
8.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤技術(shù) ·······································································································.195
8.2.1 目標(biāo)跟蹤的基本概念 ·······················································································.196
8.2.2 航跡起始 ···········································································································.197
8.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián) ···········································································································.197
8.2.4 跟蹤濾波 ···········································································································.198
8.2.5 跟蹤終結(jié) ···········································································································.202
8.3 光電成像與探測(cè)系統(tǒng)中的目標(biāo)跟蹤示例 ····································································.203
習(xí)題 ······································································································································.204
參考文獻(xiàn) ······························································································································.204