目錄
序一
序二
前言
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 原位改性流體化采礦 1
1.2 演變孔裂隙巖體力學(xué)科學(xué)內(nèi)涵 2
1.3 孔裂隙巖體成巖條件與關(guān)鍵特征 5
1.4 孔裂隙巖體力學(xué)研究內(nèi)容與方法 6
1.5 本章小結(jié) 9
思考題 9
參考文獻(xiàn) 9
第2章 固體力學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 12
2.1 概述 12
2.2 固體力學(xué)基本內(nèi)容 13
2.3 巖體熱彈性力學(xué) 14
2.3.1 應(yīng)力與應(yīng)力張量 15
2.3.2 應(yīng)變 16
2.3.3 廣義胡克定律 17
2.3.4 基本方程 17
2.3.5 邊界條件 19
2.4 巖體塑性力學(xué) 20
2.4.1 應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變分析 21
2.4.2 屈服準(zhǔn)則 23
2.4.3 流動(dòng)法則 26
2.4.4 硬化法則 27
2.5 固體力學(xué)與巖體力學(xué)的聯(lián)系 28
2.5.1 固體力學(xué)與多學(xué)科交叉融合 28
2.5.2 演變孔裂隙巖體力學(xué)中的固體力學(xué) 30
2.6 本章小結(jié) 31
思考題 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 32
第3章 巖體損傷與斷裂力學(xué) 34
3.1 概述 34
3.2 巖體損傷力學(xué) 35
3.2.1 固體材料的損傷與破壞 35
3.2.2 損傷變量 36
3.2.3 損傷力學(xué)的四個(gè)等效性假設(shè) 37
3.2.4 巖體彈脆性損傷力學(xué) 41
3.2.5 巖體彈塑性損傷力學(xué) 47
3.2.6 巖體斷裂發(fā)展的損傷力學(xué)表征 55
3.3 巖體線彈性斷裂力學(xué) 57
3.3.1 Griffith裂紋表面能理論 59
3.3.2 應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子理論 60
3.3.3 J積分 62
3.3.4 裂紋擴(kuò)展方向判定準(zhǔn)則 64
3.3.5 裂紋面受壓摩擦理論 64
3.4 巖體準(zhǔn)脆性斷裂力學(xué) 66
3.4.1 準(zhǔn)脆性斷裂力學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 66
3.4.2 準(zhǔn)脆性斷裂的分析方法 67
3.4.3 場強(qiáng)度參量 68
3.4.4 黏聚型裂紋理論 71
3.5 巖體彈塑性斷裂力學(xué) 75
3.5.1 發(fā)展背景 76
3.5.2 裂紋尖端彈塑性應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變場的特性 77
3.5.3 場強(qiáng)度參量 78
3.6 本章小結(jié) 80
思考題 81
參考文獻(xiàn) 81
第4章 演變孔裂隙巖體流變力學(xué) 82
4.1 概述 82
4.2 流變力學(xué)模型理論 83
4.2.1 概述 83
4.2.2 基本元件 84
4.2.3 組合模型 86
4.2.4 三維模型 92
4.3 溫度-應(yīng)力耦合蠕變模型 95
4.3.1 概述 95
4.3.2 溫度-應(yīng)力耦合鹽巖蠕變實(shí)驗(yàn) 96
4.3.3 溫度-應(yīng)力耦合鹽巖分?jǐn)?shù)階黏彈塑性蠕變損傷模型建立 102
4.3.4 溫度-應(yīng)力耦合鹽巖黏彈塑性蠕變損傷模型驗(yàn)證 109
4.4 演變孔裂隙巖體蠕變模型 112
4.4.1 概述 112
4.4.2 熱-流-固耦合鈣芒硝鹽巖蠕變實(shí)驗(yàn) 112
4.4.3 熱-流-固耦合鈣芒硝鹽巖蠕變破壞特征 120
4.4.4 熱-流-固耦合鈣芒硝鹽巖蠕變模型建立與驗(yàn)證 125
4.5 本章小結(jié) 127
思考題 129
參考文獻(xiàn) 129
第5章 演變孔裂隙介質(zhì)多尺度滲流力學(xué) 130
5.1 概述 130
5.2 多孔介質(zhì)表征特征參數(shù) 130
5.2.1 多孔介質(zhì)幾何性質(zhì) 131
5.2.2 孔隙率及連續(xù)介質(zhì) 131
5.2.3 滲透率 132
5.2.4 孔隙壓縮系數(shù)與迂曲度 135
5.3 流體性質(zhì) 135
5.3.1 流體相態(tài) 135
5.3.2 流體密度 136
5.3.3 流體黏度函數(shù) 137
5.3.4 流體壓縮系數(shù)和熱膨脹系數(shù) 137
5.4 達(dá)西滲流力學(xué)模型 138
5.4.1 基本方程 139
5.4.2 單相流體滲流模型 144
5.4.3 兩相流體滲流模型 147
5.5 微觀滲流力學(xué)模型 150
5.5.1 滑脫效應(yīng) 152
5.5.2 克努森擴(kuò)散 152
5.5.3 吸附行為及孔隙吸附變形 153
5.5.4 分子擴(kuò)散和表面擴(kuò)散 155
5.5.5 氣體稀薄效應(yīng) 156
5.5.6 表觀滲透率模型 157
5.6 演變孔裂隙介質(zhì)多尺度滲流理論 158
5.6.1 多孔介質(zhì)多尺度問題 159
5.6.2 跨尺度滲流模擬 160
5.6.3 演變孔裂隙介質(zhì)滲流特征 162
5.7 本章小結(jié) 163
思考題 163
參考文獻(xiàn) 163
第6章 巖體裂隙變形與滲流特性 166
6.1 概述 166
6.2 巖體裂隙特性及表征 168
6.2.1 裂隙幾何特征 168
6.2.2 裂隙表面幾何特性及表征 170
6.2.3 裂隙空間幾何特性及表征 174
6.3 巖體裂隙力學(xué)特性 182
6.3.1 裂隙變形性質(zhì) 182
6.3.2 裂隙抗剪強(qiáng)度 183
6.3.3 巖體裂隙抗剪強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則 186
6.4 巖體裂隙滲流特性 191
6.4.1 光滑裂隙滲流模型 191
6.4.2 粗糙裂隙滲流模型 191
6.4.3 裂隙變形-滲流耦合特性 197
6.4.4 裂隙剪切-滲流特性 198
6.4.5 粗糙裂隙非線性滲流特性 200
6.5 演變裂隙滲流特性 201
6.6 本章小結(jié) 217
思考題 217
參考文獻(xiàn) 218
第7章 演變孔裂隙介質(zhì)多場耦合作用 222
7.1 概述 222
7.2 有效應(yīng)力原理 223
7.2.1 多孔介質(zhì)有效應(yīng)力原理 223
7.2.2 巖體裂隙有效應(yīng)力原理 224
7.3 熱-流-固耦合作用下孔裂隙介質(zhì)性態(tài)變化 226
7.3.1 THM耦合作用對(duì)巖石性態(tài)影響機(jī)理 226
7.3.2 THM耦合作用下巖石力學(xué)特性變化 228
7.4 熱-流-固耦合作用下孔裂隙介質(zhì)滲流特性 233
7.4.1 THM耦合作用對(duì)巖體滲透率影響機(jī)理 233
7.4.2 THM耦合作用下巖石滲透率規(guī)律 235
7.5 熱-流-固耦合作用下孔裂隙介質(zhì)傳熱特性 237
7.5.1 THM耦合作用對(duì)巖體熱力學(xué)特性影響機(jī)理 237
7.5.2 THM耦合作用下巖石熱力學(xué)特性變化規(guī)律 237
7.6 孔裂隙雙重介質(zhì)熱-流-固耦合數(shù)學(xué)模型 241
7.6.1 巖石熱-流-固耦合模型 242
7.6.2 巖體裂隙熱-流-固耦合模型 244
7.7 考慮微納孔滲流及裂縫擴(kuò)展的孔裂隙三重介質(zhì)熱-流-固耦合基本架構(gòu) 250
7.7.1 微納孔隙-宏觀孔隙-裂隙三重介質(zhì)滲流模型 251
7.7.2 熱-流-固耦合下的裂隙動(dòng)態(tài)擴(kuò)展及滲流模型 252
7.8 孔裂隙演變對(duì)熱-流-固耦合項(xiàng)的影響 253
7.9 演變孔裂隙介質(zhì)耦合的不確定性 254
7.10 本章小結(jié) 256
思考題 256
參考文獻(xiàn) 257
第8章 演變孔裂隙巖體力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置與方法 259
8.1 概述 259
8.2 巖體力學(xué)試驗(yàn)機(jī)發(fā)展概況 259
8.2.1 試驗(yàn)機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程 259
8.2.2 演變孔裂隙巖體力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置 261
8.3 溶解類礦體孔裂隙演變及滲流實(shí)驗(yàn) 265
8.3.1 工程應(yīng)用背景 265
8.3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備 265
8.3.3 試樣制備 266
8.3.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)流程 267
8.3.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)示例 268
8.4 吸附膨脹/解吸收縮類煤體滲透性演變實(shí)驗(yàn) 269
8.4.1 CH4與氣態(tài)CO2在煤體內(nèi)混合滲流特性的實(shí)驗(yàn) 269
8.4.2 超臨界CO2與應(yīng)力耦合作用下煤體的滲透及變形實(shí)驗(yàn) 272
8.5 高溫?zé)峤獾妥冑|(zhì)煤/油頁巖滲透率演化實(shí)驗(yàn) 276
8.5.1 工程應(yīng)用背景 276
8.5.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備 277
8.5.3 試樣制備 277
8.5.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)流程 278
8.5.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)示例 278
8.6 高溫花崗巖滲透率演化實(shí)驗(yàn) 280
8.6.1 工程應(yīng)用背景 280
8.6.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備 281
8.6.3 試樣制備 282
8.6.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 282
8.6.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)示例 283
8.7 超臨界CO2浸蝕煤體結(jié)構(gòu)面剪切-滲透率演化實(shí)驗(yàn) 283
8.7.1 工程應(yīng)用背景 283
8.7.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備 284
8.7.3 試樣制備 284
8.7.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 285
8.7.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)示例 285
8.8 煤系地層煤巖體致裂增滲實(shí)驗(yàn) 287
8.8.1 水力壓裂增滲實(shí)驗(yàn) 287
8.8.2 ScCO2壓裂增滲實(shí)驗(yàn) 290
8.8.3 穿層壓裂增滲實(shí)驗(yàn) 293
8.8.4 N2泡沫壓裂增滲實(shí)驗(yàn) 295
8.9 本章小結(jié) 298
思考題 298
參考文獻(xiàn) 298
第9章 巖體力學(xué)發(fā)展與展望 300
9.1 巖體力學(xué)發(fā)展 300
9.2 巖體力學(xué)展望 302
9.3 演變孔裂隙巖體力學(xué)發(fā)展方向 305
9.4 本章小結(jié) 307
思考題 307
參考文獻(xiàn) 307
推薦文獻(xiàn) 309
Contents
Preface 1
Preface 2
Foreword
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 In-situ Modified Mining by Fluidization 1
1.2 Scientific Connotation of the Mechanics of Evolving Porous and Fractured
Rock Mass 2
1.3 Diagenetic Conditions and Key Characteristics of the Porous and Fractured
Rock Mass 5
1.4 Research Content and Methods of the Mechanics of Porous and Fractured
Rock Mass 6
1.5 Main Contents of This Book 9
Summary
Thinking Questions 9
References 9
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics 12
2.1 Overview 12
2.2 Elementary Contents in Solid Mechanics 13
2.3 Thermo Elasticity of Rock Mass 14
2.3.1 Stress and Strain Tensors 15
2.3.2 Strain 16
2.3.3 General Hook’s Law 17
2.3.4 Basic Equations 17
2.3.5 Boundary Conditions 19
2.4 Rock Mass Plasticity 20
2.4.1 Stress and Strain Analyses 21
2.4.2 Yield Criteria 23
2.4.3 Flow Criteria 26
2.4.4 Hardening Criteria 27
2.5 Relationships Between Solid Mechanics and Rock Mass Mechanics 28
2.5.1 Cooperation of Solid Mechanics with Multiple Disciplines 28
2.5.2 The Solid Mechanics in Evolving Porous and Fractured Rock Mass 30
2.6 Summary 31
Thinking Questions 32
References 32
Chapter 3 Damage and Fracture Mechanics of Rock Mass 34
3.1 Overview 34
3.2 Rock Mass Damage Mechanics 35
3.2.1 Rock Mass Damage Mechanics 35
3.2.2 Damage and Failure 36
3.2.3 Damage Variable Four Equivalence Assumptions in Damage Mechanics 37
3.2.4 Elastic Brittle Rock Mass Damage Mechanics 41
3.2.5 Plastic Rock Mass Damage Mechanics 47
3.2.6 Rock Mass Fracturing Process by Damage Representation 55
3.3 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics of Rock Mass 57
3.3.1 Surface Energy Theory of Griffith Crack 59
3.3.2 Theory of Stress Intensity Factor 60
3.3.3 J Integral 62
3.3.4 Criteria Judging Fracture Propagation Directions 64
3.3.5 Friction Theory of Fracture Surfaces Under Compression 64
3.4 Quasi-Brittle Fracture Mechanics of Rock Mass 66
3.4.1 Fundamentals in Quasi-Brittle Fracture Mechanics 66
3.4.2 Analysis Method for Quasi-Brittle Fracturing 67
3.4.3 Field Intensity Parameters 68
3.4.4 Cohesive Fracture Theory 71
3.5 Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics of Rock Mass 75
3.5.1 Background 76
3.5.2 Elastic-plastic Stress And Strain in the Crack Tip 77
3.5.3 Field Intensity Parameters 78
3.6 Summary 80
Thinking Questions 81
References 81
Chapter 4 Evolutionary Rheological Mechanics of Fractured Rock Mass 82
4.1 Overview 82
4.2 Theory of Rheological Mechanics Model 83
4.2.1 Overview 83
4.2.2 Basic Components 84
4.2.3 Combination Model 86
4.2.4 Three-Dimensional Model 92
4.3 Temperature-Stress Coupled Creep Model 95
4.3.1 Overview 95
4.3.2 Temperature-Stress Coupled Creep Experiment of Salt Rock 96
4.3.3 Establishment of a Temperature-Stress Coupled Fractional-Order Viscoelastic-Plastic Creep Damage Model for Salt Rocks 102
4.3.4 Validation of the Temperature-Stress Coupled Salt Rock Viscoelastic-Plastic
Creep Damage Model 109
4.4 Creep Models of Evolving Porous and Fractured Rock Mass 112
4.4.1 Overview 112
4.4.2 Thermal-Fluid-Solid Coupled Glauberite Creep Experiment 112
4.4.3 Thermal-Fluid-Solid Coupled Glauberite Creep Failure Characteristics 120
4.4.4 Establishment and Verification of Thermal-Fluid-Solid Coupled Glauberite
Creep Model 125
4.5 Summary 127
Thinking Questions 129
References 129
Chapter 5 Mechanics of Multi-Scale Fluid Flow in Evolution Porous Media 130
5.1 Overview 130
5.2 Characteristic Parameters of Porous Media 130
5.2.1 Geometric Properties 131
5.2.2 Porosity and Continuous Medium 131
5.2.3 Permeability 132
5.2.4 Compression Coefficient and Tortuosity 135
5.3 Fluid Properties 135
5.3.1 Phase State 135
5.3.2 Density 136
5.3.3 Viscosity Function 137
5.3.4 Compression Coefficient and Thermal Expansion Coefficient 137
5.4 Darcy flow Mechanics Model 138
5.4.1 Basic Equations 139
5.4.2 Mechanics Model of Single-Phase Fluid Flow 144
5.4.3 Mechanics Model of Two-Phase Fluid Flow 147
5.5 Microscopic Mechanics Model of Fluid Flow in Porous Media 150
5.5.1 Slip Effect 152
5.5.2 Knudsen Diffusion 152
5.5.3 Adsorption Behavior and Pore Adsorption Deformation 153
5.5.4 Molecular Diffusion and Surface Diffusion 155
5.5.5 Gas Rarefaction 156
5.5.6 Apparent Permeability Model 157
5.6 Multi-Scale Mechanics Theory of Fluid Flow in Evolving Porous Media 158
5.6.1 Multi-Scale Problems of Porous Media 159
5.6.2 Cross-Scale Fluid Flow Simulation in Porous Media 160
5.6.3 Fluid Flow Characteristics in Evolving Porous Media 162
5.7 Summary 163
Thinking Questions 163
References 163
Chapter 6 Deformation and Seepage Characteristics of Rock Fractures 166
6.1 Overview 166
6.2 Characteristic of Rock Mass Fractures and Representation 168
6.2.1 Geometric Characteristics of Rock Fractures 168
6.2.2 Geometric Characterization of Fracture Surfaces 170
6.2.3 Spatial Geometric Characterization of Rock Fractures 174
6.3 Mechanical Properties of Rock Fractures 182
6.3.1 Fracture Deformation Properties 182
6.3.2 Fracture Shear Strength 183
6.3.3 Shear strength Criteria for Rock Fractures 186
6.4 Seepage Characteristics of Rock Fractures 191
6.4.1 Seepage Models for Smooth Fractures 191
6.4.2 Seepage Models for Rough Fractures 191
6.4.3 Coupled Deformation-Seepage Characteristics of Fractures 197
6.4.4 Shear-Seepage Characteristics of Fractures 198
6.4.5 Nonlinear Seepage Characteristics of Rough Fractures 200
6.5 Seepage Characteristics of Evolving Fractures 201
6.6 Summary 217
Thinking Questions 217
References 218
Chapter 7 Multi-Fields Coupling Behaviours in Evolving Porous-Fractured
Media 222
7.1 Overview 222
7.2 Effective Stress Principle 223
7.2.1 Effective Stress Principle for Porous Media 223
7.2.2 Effective Stress Principle for Rock Fractures 224
7.3 Behavior Changes of Porous-Fractured Media under Thermo-Hydro-
Mechanical (THM) Coupling 226
7.3.1 THM Coupling Effects on Rock Behavior 226
7.3.2 Change of Rock Mechanical Properties under THM Coupling Effects 228
7.4 Seepage Characteristics of Porous-Fractured Media under THM Coupling 233
7.4.1 THM Coupling Effects on Permeability of Rock Mass 233
7.4.2 Rock Permeability Changes under THM Coupling Effects 235
7.5 Heat Transfer Characteristics of Porous-Fractured Media under THM
Coupling 237
7.5.1 THM Coupling Effects on Thermodynamic Properties of Rock 237
7.5.2 Thermodynamic Properties Change of Rock under THM Coupling Effects 237
7.6 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Model of Dual-Porosity Fractured
Media 241
7.6.1 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Model of Rock Matrix 242
7.6.2 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Model of Rock Fractures 244
7.7 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Model of Triple-Porosity Fractured
Media Considering Micro/Nano Pore Seepage and Fracture Propagation 250
7.7.1 Seepage Model of Triple-Porosity Fractured Media 251
7.7.2 Fracture Propagation and Seepage Models under THM Coupling Effects 252
7.8 Influence of Pore-Fracture Evolution on Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical
Coupling Terms 253
7.9 Uncertainties in Coupling Behaviours of Evolving Porous-Fractured
Media 254
7.10 Summary 256
Thinking Questions 256
References 257
Chapter 8 Experimental Apparatus and Methods for the Mechanics of
Evolutionary Pore Fractured Rock Mass 259
8.1 Overview 259
8.2 Development of Rock Mass Mechanics Testing Machine 259
8.2.1 Development History of Testing Machines 259
8.2.2 Experimental Apparatus for the Mechanics of Evolving Porous and Fractured Rock Masses 261
8.3 Experiments of Pore and Fracture Evolution and Seepage in Soluble Mineral Bodies 265
8.3.1 Engineering Application Background 265
8.3.2 Experimental Equipment 265
8.3.3 Sample Preparation 266
8.3.4 Experimental Procedures 267
8.3.5 Experimental Examples 268
8.4 Experiments of Permeability Evolution in Adsorption-Swelling/Desorption-Shrinking Coal Masses 269
8.4.1 Experiment on Seepage Characteristics of CH4 and Gaseous CO2 in Coal 269
8.4.2 Experiment on Coal Permeability and Deformation under the Coupled Effects
of Supercritical CO2 and Stress 272
8.5 Experiments of Permeability Evolution of High-Temperature Pyrolyzed
Low-Rank Coal/Oil Shale 276
8.5.1 Engineering Application Background 276
8.5.2 Experimental Equipment 277
8.5.3 Sample Preparation 277
8.5.4 Experimental Procedures 278
8.5.5 Experimental Examples 278
8.6 Experiments of Permeability Evolution of High-Temperature Granite 280
8.6.1 Engineering Application Background 280
8.6.2 Experimental Equipment 281
8.6.3 Sample Preparation 282
8.6.4 Experimental Methods 282
8.6.5 Experimental Examples 283
8.7 Experiments of Shear-Permeability Evolution of Coal Structural Planes under Supercritical CO2 Soaking 283
8.7.1 Engineering Application Background 283
8.7.2 Experimental Equipment 284
8.7.3 Sample Preparation 284
8.7.4 Experimental Methods 285
8.7.5 Experimental Examples 285
8.8 Experiments of Fracturing and Permeability Enhancement of Coal-rock Masses in Coal-Bearing Strata 287
8.8.1 Hydraulic Fracturing for Permeability Enhancement Experiment 287
8.8.2 ScCO2 Fracturing for Permeability Enhancement Experiment 290
8.8.3 Cross-Layer Fracturing for Permeability Enhancement Experiment 293
8.8.4 N2 Foam Fracturing for Permeability Enhancement Experiment 295
8.9 Summary 298
Thinking Questions 298
References 298
Chapter 9 Development and Prospects of Rock Masses Mechanics 300
9.1 Development of Rock Masses Mechanics 300
9.2 Prospects of Rock Masses Mechanics 302
9.3 Future Developments of Evolving Porous and Fractured Rock Mechanics 305
9.4 Summary 305
Thinking Questions 307
References 307